Article Sidebar

Submitted
Sep 23, 2025
Accepted
Oct 29, 2025
Published
Apr 30, 2026
Download
PDF (Bahasa Indonesia)
Statistic
Read Counter : 162 Download : 156

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Main Article Content

Abstract

Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is one of the drivers of Sustainable Development (SDGs). This study examines the relationship between Information and Communication Technology (ICT), internet usage, and telephone ownership on income inequality in ASEAN-4, there is Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, and Myanmar using the Panel Vector Autoregressive Model (PVAR) approach from 2000 to 2022. Based on the test results, the ICT variable exhibits the largest influence on income inequality, accounting for 69%, then the internet usage and telephone ownership variables are 0.73% and 0.26%, respectively. This shows that ICT plays an important role in influencing per capita income in ASEAN-4 countries, namely Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Myanmar.

Article Details

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

How to Cite
Waluyo, A., Komarlina, D., Nurhikmat, M., & Adam, A. (2026). Pengaruh Information and Communication Technology (ICT) terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi di Asean-4. Ecoplan, 9(1), 40-48. https://doi.org/10.20527/ecoplan.v9i1.1291
Download Citation
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)
BibTeX

References

  1. Allen, F., Demirguc-Kunt, A., Klapper, L., & Martinez Peria, M. S. (2016). The foundations of financial inclusion: Understanding ownership and use of formal accounts. Journal of Financial Intermediation, 27(2016), 1–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfi.2015.12.003
  2. Bahrini, R., & Qaffas, A. A. (2019). Impact of information and communication technology on economic growth: Evidence from developing countries. Economies, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/economies7010021
  3. Banerjee, A., Rappoport, P. N., & Alleman, J. (2020). A Cross-Country Analysis of ICT Diffusion, Economic Growth, and Global Competitiveness. Dalam Applied Economics in the Digital Era: Essays in Honor of Gary Madden (hlm. 63–102). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-40601-1_3
  4. Beck, T., Demirgüç-Kunt, A., & Levine, R. (2007). Finance, inequality and the poor. Journal of Economic Growth, 12(1), 27–49. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10887-007-9010-6
  5. Camara, N and Tuesta, D. 2014. Measuring Financial Inclusion: A Multidimensional Index. BBVA Working Paper. No. 14/26.
  6. Carr, N. G. (2003). IT doesn’t matter. Educause Review, 38, 24–38
  7. Chibba, M. 2009, Financial Inclusion, Poverty Reduction and the Millennium Development Goals. European Journal of Development Research. 213-230.
  8. Corrado, C., Haskel, J., & Jona-Lasinio, C. (2017). Knowledge Spillovers, ICT and Productivity Growth. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 79(4), 592–618.
  9. Dabla-Norris, E., Ji, Y., Townsend, R. M., & Filiz Unsal, D. (2021). Distinguishing constraints on financial inclusion and their impact on GDP, TFP, and the distribution of income. Journal of Monetary Economics, 117(xxxx), 1–18.
  10. Donaldson, D., & Weymark, J. A. (1980). A single-parameter generalization of the Gini indices of inequality. Journal of Economic Theory, 22(1), 67–86.
  11. Erlando dkk., 2020. Financial inclusion, economic growth, and poverty alleviation: evidence,from eastern Indonesia. Heliyon .6 (2020) e05235
  12. Dabla-Norris, E., Ji, Y., Townsend, R. M., & Filiz Unsal, D. (2021). Distinguishing constraints on financial inclusion and their impact on GDP, TFP, and the distribution of income. Journal of Monetary Economics, 117(xxxx), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmoneco.2020.01.003
  13. Donaldson, D., & Weymark, J. A. (1980). A single-parameter generalization of the Gini indices of inequality. Journal of Economic Theory, 22(1), 67–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0531(80)90065-4
  14. Fisher I. 1911. The Purchasing Power of Money, its Determination and Relation to Credit, Interest and Crises. New York: Macmillan
  15. Gadanecz, B andTissot, S. 2016. Measures of Financial Inclusion. A Central Bank Perpective. International Statistic Institute. Regional Statistics Conference. Bali, 22-24 Maret, 2017.
  16. Getta, S. 2017. Financial inclusion and growth. The Business and Management Review. 8(4).
  17. Goksu Aslan, Corinne Deléchat, Monique Newiak, and F. Y., & IMF. (2017). Inequality in Financial Inclusion and Income Inequality, WP/17/236, November 2017. Journal of Financial Intermediation, 27(April), 1–30.
  18. Gómez-Barroso, J. L., & Pérez-Martínez, J. (2005). Public intervention in the access to advanced telecommunication services: Assessing its theoretical economic basis. Government Information Quarterly, 22(3), 489–504.
  19. ITU. (2010). Measuring the information society. International Telecommunication Union.
  20. Jorgenson, D. W., & Stiroh, K. J. (1999). Information technology and growth. American Economic Review, 89(2), 109–115.
  21. Karlan, Dean, Aishwarya Ratan, and Jonathan Zinman. 2013. “Savings by and for the Poor: A Research Review and Agenda.” Review of Income and Wealth, October
  22. Faizah, C., Yamada, K., & Pratomo, D. S. (2021). Information and communication technology, inequality change and regional development in Indonesia. Journal of Socioeconomics and Development, 4(2), 224. https://doi.org/10.31328/jsed.v4i2.2669
  23. Goksu Aslan, Corinne Deléchat, Monique Newiak, and F. Y., & IMF. (2017). Inequality in Financial Inclusion and Income Inequality, WP/17/236, November 2017. Journal of Financial Intermediation, 27(April), 1–30.
  24. Hartje, R., & Hübler, M. (2015). Are Smartphones Smart for Economic Development? Hannover Economic Papers.
  25. Kurniawati, M. A. (2022). Analysis of the impact of information communication technology on economic growth: empirical evidence from Asian countries. Journal of Asian Business and Economic Studies, 29(1), 2–18. https://doi.org/10.1108/JABES-07-2020-0082
  26. Lindbeck, A., & Wikstrom, S. (2000). The ICT revolution in consumer product markets. Consumption Markets & Culture, 4(1), 77–99. https://doi.org/10.1080/10253866.2000.9670350
  27. Mahmood, M. A., & Mann, G. J. (1993). Measuring the organizational impact of information technology investment: An exploratory study. Journal of Management Information Systems, 10(1), 97–122.
  28. Mbuyisa, B., & Leonard, A. (2017). The Role of ICT Use in SMEs Towards Poverty Reduction: A Systematic Literature Review. Dalam Journal of International Development (Vol. 29, Nomor 2, hlm. 159–197). John Wiley and Sons Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1002/jid.3258
  29. Murshed, M. (2020). An empirical analysis of the non-linear impacts of ICT-trade openness on renewable energy transition, energy efficiency, clean cooking fuel access and environmental sustainability in South Asia. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 27(29), 36254–36281.
  30. Nakatani, R. (2021). Total factor productivity enablers in the ICT industry: A cross country firmlevel analysis. Telecommunication Policy, 45, 1–13.
  31. NIA. (2011). Smart society: IT issues and strategies to realize a smart society. National Information Society Agency.
  32. Niebel, T. (2018). ICT and economic growth – Comparing developing, emerging and developed countries. World Development, 104, 197–211.
  33. Okoye, L. U. 2017. Financial inclusion as strategy for enhanced economic growth and development. Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce. 22(S8)
  34. Mahmood, M. A., & Mann, G. J. (1993). Measuring the organizational impact of information technology investment: An exploratory study. Journal of Management Information Systems, 10(1), 97–122.
  35. Mehrotra, A., & Yetman, J. (2015). Financial inclusion - issues for central banks. BIS Quarterly Review, (March), 83–96.
  36. Park, C., & Mercado, R. V. (2015). FInAncIAl InclusIon , Poverty , AnD Income InequAlIty In DeveloPIng AsIA adb economics working paper series. 426.
  37. Pradhan, R. P., Arvin, M. B., Nair, M., Mittal, J., & Norman, N. R. (2017). Telecommunications infrastructure and usage and the FDI–growth nexus: evidence from Asian-21 countries. Information Technology for Development, 23(2), 235–260. https://doi.org/10.1080/02681102.2016.1217822
  38. Pradhan, R. P., Arvin, M. B., Nair, M. S., Hall, J. H., & Bennett, S. E. (2021). Sustainable eco nomic development in India: The dynamics between financial inclusion, ICT development, and economic growth. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 169, 120758. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2021.120758
  39. Pradhan, R. P., Arvin, M. B., Nair, M., Hall, J. H., & Bennett, S. E. (2022). Institutional development in an information-driven economy: Can ICTs enhance economic growth for low-and lower middle-income countries’? Information Technology for Development, 28(3), 468–487. https://doi.org/10.1080/02681102.2022.2051417
  40. Press, T. M. I. T., & Journal, T. Q. (2010). A Contribution to the Theory of Economic Growth Author ( s ): Robert M . Solow Source : The Quarterly Journal of Economics , Vol . 70 , No . 1 ( Feb ., 1956 ), pp . 65-94 Published by : The MIT Press Stable URL : http://www.jstor.org/stable/1884513. Growth (Lakeland), 70(1), 65–94.
  41. Roller, L., & Wverman, L. (2001). Telecommunications infrastructure and economic development. The American Economic Review, 1(1), 909–923.
  42. Saba, C. S., David, O. O., & Voto, T. P. (2024). Institutional quality effect of ICT penetration: Global and regional perspectives. South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences, 27(1). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v27i1.5180
  43. Sarma, M., & Pais, J. (2008). Financial Inclusion and Development: A Cross Country Analysis. In Annual Conference of the Human Development and Capability Association, New Delhi, 168(10–13), 1–30.
  44. Sawng, Y. W., Kim, P. R., & Park, J. (2021). ICT investment and GDP growth: Causality ana lysis for the case of Korea. Telecommunications Policy, 45(7), 102157. https://doi.org/10. 1016/j.telpol.2021.102157
  45. Toader, E., Firtescu, B. N., Roman, A., & Anton, S. G. (2018). Impact of information and communication technology infrastructure on economic growth: An empirical assessment for the EU countries. Sustainability (Switzerland), 10(10), 1–22.
  46. Van dkk., 2019. Financial Inclusion and Economic Growth: An International Evidence. Emerging Markets Finance and Trade. https://doi.org/10.1080/1540496X.2019.1697672.
  47. Yousefi, A. (2011). The impact of information and communication technology on economic growth: Evidence from developed and developing countries. Economics of Innovation and New Technology, 20(6), 581–596
  48. Toader, E., Firtescu, B. N., Roman, A., & Anton, S. G. (2018). Impact of information and communication technology infrastructure on economic growth: An empirical assessment for the EU countries. Sustainability (Switzerland), 10(10), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10103750
  49. Wang, X., and J. Guan. 2017. Financial inclusion: Measurement, spatial effects and influencing factors. Applied Economics. 49 (18).1751–62. doi:10.1080/00036846.2016.1226488
  50. Wardhono, A., Yaqin, M., Sari, M. I., Sari, K. I., & Nasir, C. G. (2023). The Role of Digital Transformation to Economic Growth in the Provinces of South Sumatra. Media Ekonomi dan Manajemen, 38(2), 250–265.